NCEI ocean heat content, temperature anomalies, salinity anomalies, thermosteric sea level anomalies, halosteric sea level anomalies, and total steric sea level anomalies from 1955 to present calculated from in situ oceanographic subsurface profile data (NCEI Accession 0164586). ' The Anthropocene equation,' The Anthropocene Review (Volume 4, Issue 1, April 2017), 53-61. Vostok ice core data NOAA Mauna Loa CO 2 record Gilbert Plass formulated the Carbon Dioxide Theory of Climate Change in 1956. In 1941, Milutin Milankovic linked ice ages to EarthвЂ™s orbital characteristics.

In 1938, Guy Callendar connected carbon dioxide increases in EarthвЂ™s atmosphere to global warming. In 1896, a seminal paper by Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius first predicted that changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels could substantially alter the surface temperature through the greenhouse effect. In the 1860s, physicist John Tyndall recognized Earth's natural greenhouse effect and suggested that slight changes in the atmospheric composition could bring about climatic variations. In 1856, Eunice Foote discovered that blanket, showing that carbon dioxide and water vapor in Earth's atmosphere trap escaping infrared (heat) radiation. He suggested something in the atmosphere must be acting like an insulating blanket. In 1824, Joseph Fourier calculated that an Earth-sized planet, at our distance from the Sun, ought to be much colder. al., 'An astronomically dated record of EarthвЂ™s climate and its predictability over the last 66 million years,' Science vol. Santer et.al., вЂњ Contributions of Anthropogenic and Natural Forcing to Recent Tropopause Height Changes,вЂќ Science vol. Ramaswamy et.al., вЂњ Anthropogenic and Natural Influences in the Evolution of Lower Stratospheric Cooling,вЂќ Science 311 (24 February 2006), 1138-1141Д«.D. Hegerl, вЂњ Detecting Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Climate Change with an Optimal Fingerprint Method,вЂќ Journal of Climate, v. Santer et.al., вЂњ A search for human influences on the thermal structure of the atmosphere,вЂќ Nature vol 382, 4 July 1996, 39-46 IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, Summary for Policymakers. 3 The evidence for rapid climate change is compelling: Carbon dioxide from human activity is increasing more than 250 times faster than it did from natural sources after the last Ice Age. This ancient, or paleoclimate, evidence reveals that current warming is occurring roughly ten times faster than the average rate of ice-age-recovery warming. Ancient evidence can also be found in tree rings, ocean sediments, coral reefs, and layers of sedimentary rocks. Ice cores drawn from Greenland, Antarctica, and tropical mountain glaciers show that EarthвЂ™s climate responds to changes in greenhouse gas levels. There is no question that increased levels of greenhouse gases must cause Earth to warm in response. 2 Their ability to affect the transfer of infrared energy through the atmosphere is the scientific basis of many instruments flown by NASA. The heat-trapping nature of carbon dioxide and other gases was demonstrated in the mid-19th century. This body of data, collected over many years, reveals the signals of a changing climate. 1 It is undeniable that human activities have warmed the atmosphere, ocean, and land and that widespread and rapid changes in the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and biosphere have occurred.Д®arth-orbiting satellites and other technological advances have enabled scientists to see the big picture, collecting many different types of information about our planet and its climate on a global scale. The current warming trend is of particular significance because it is unequivocally the result of human activity since the mid-20 th century and proceeding at a rate that is unprecedented over millennia.

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